Command Overview

The df -h command displays disk space usage information in a human-readable format. The -h flag makes the output easier to read by showing sizes in KB, MB, GB, etc., rather than just bytes.

Column Explanations

1. Filesystem: The name of the disk partition or filesystem
2. Size: Total size of the filesystem
3. Used: Amount of space currently used
4. Avail: Amount of space available for use
5. Use%: Percentage of the filesystem that is used
6. Mounted on: The directory where the filesystem is mounted (access point)

Analysis of Each Filesystem

Main System Partitions

Plain Text

/dev/nvme0n1p3 1.9T 1.2T 698G 64% /

• This is your primary NVMe SSD partition (nvme0n1p3)
• Total size: 1.9 Terabytes
• Used space: 1.2 Terabytes
• Available space: 698 Gigabytes
• Usage: 64% full
• Mounted as the root filesystem (/)
• This is where your operating system and most files are stored

Plain Text

/dev/nvme0n1p3 1.9T 1.2T 698G 64% /home

• This shows the same partition is also mounted at /home
• This indicates your system uses the same partition for both / and /home
• /home is where user directories and personal files are stored

Plain Text

/dev/nvme0n1p2 974M 377M 530M 42% /boot

• This is your boot partition
• Size: 974 Megabytes
• Used: 377 Megabytes
• Available: 530 Megabytes
• Usage: 42%
• Contains files needed to boot the system (kernel, initramfs, bootloader)

Plain Text

/dev/nvme0n1p1 599M 20M 580M 4% /boot/efi

• This is your EFI System Partition (ESP)
• Size: 599 Megabytes
• Used: Only 20 Megabytes
• Available: 580 Megabytes
• Usage: 4%
• Contains EFI bootloader files needed for UEFI boot

Virtual and Memory-based Filesystems

Plain Text

devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /
devtmpfs 32G 242M 31G 1% /
dev/shmtmpfs 13G 2.5M 13G 1% /
runtmpfs 32G 217M 32G 1% /tmp

• These are RAM-based filesystems (they exist only in memory)
• /dev: Contains device files for hardware
• /dev/shm: Shared memory segment used for inter-process communication
• /run: Runtime data for processes started since last boot
• /tmp: Temporary files that don't persist after reboot

Plain Text

tmpfs 6.3G 3.9M 6.3G 1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 6.3G 72K 6.3G 1% /run/user/0

• User-specific temporary filesystems
• /run/user/1000: For the regular user (UID 1000)
• /run/user/0: For the root user (UID 0)
• These are used for user-specific runtime data and are automatically created/destroyed at login/logout

Plain Text

tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-journald.service
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-resolved.service

• Small tmpfs mounts for systemd service credentials
• Used to securely store credentials for specific systemd services

Plain Text

efivarfs 256K 176K 76K 70% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

• Special filesystem for EFI variables
• Used by the system to interact with UEFI firmware settings
• 70% used, which is normal

Snap Package Filesystems

Plain Text

/dev/loop1 128K 128K 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/bare/5
/dev/loop6 176M 176M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/pyqt5-runtime-core22/11
/dev/loop5 92M 92M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/gtk-common-themes/1535
/dev/loop3 74M 74M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/core22/1802
/dev/loop7 176M 176M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/pyqt5-runtime-core22/12
/dev/loop4 74M 74M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/core22/1908
/dev/loop2 105M 105M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/core/17200
/dev/loop0 99M 99M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/alexa/2
/dev/loop8 45M 45M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/snapd/23771
/dev/loop11 23M 23M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/youtube-dl-pro/170
/dev/loop9 45M 45M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/snapd/23545
/dev/loop10 23M 23M 0 100% /var/lib/snapd/snap/youtube-dl-pro/168

• These are loop devices used by the Snap package management system
• Each represents a mounted Snap package (application)
• They all show 100% usage because Snap packages are read-only squashfs filesystems
• The 100% usage is normal and not a concern
• You have several Snap packages installed:
• bare (minimal snap)
• pyqt5-runtime-core22 (two versions: 11 and 12)
• gtk-common-themes (for application theming)
• core22 (two versions: 1802 and 1908) - base snap for other snaps
• core (base snap, version 17200)
• alexa (Amazon Alexa app)
• snapd (two versions: 23771 and 23545) - the snap daemon itself
• youtube-dl-pro (two versions: 170 and 168) - YouTube downloader

Key Insights

1. Main Storage: Your primary NVMe SSD has 1.9TB total space with 698GB (36%) free space remaining.
2. Memory Usage: Your system has approximately 32GB of RAM (based on the size of tmpfs partitions).
3. Snap Packages: You have several applications installed via Snap, including Alexa and YouTube-dl-pro.
4. Boot Configuration: Your system uses UEFI boot (evidenced by the EFI partition).
5. Filesystem Structure: Your system uses a simple partition layout with the same partition for both / and /home.

Potential Considerations

• With 64% usage on your main partition, you still have plenty of space (698GB free).
• The 100% usage on loop devices is normal and not a concern.
• If you want to free up some space, you could consider removing older snap versions that are no longer needed.